Large Roman Numbers: Guide up to One Million
Traditional Roman numerals only go up to 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). For larger numbers, Romans used vinculum notation.
What is Vinculum Notation?
The vinculum is a horizontal bar placed over a Roman numeral that multiplies its value by 1,000. For example, V̄ = 5,000.
For example: V = 5,000 | X = 10,000 | M = 1,000,000
Common Large Numbers
5,000
V̄
10,000
X̄
50,000
L̄
100,000
C̄
500,000
D̄
1,000,000
M̄
How to Write Large Numbers
- Step 1: Divide the number into thousands and units
- Step 2: Write the thousands with vinculum
- Step 3: Add the units in standard notation
Example: 5,499 = VCDXCIX (5000 + 400 + 90 + 9)
Large Number Examples
1,999
MCMXCIX
2,024
MMXXIV
3,999
MMMCMXCIX
4,000
MV̄
9,999
MX̄CMXCIX
12,345
X̄MMCCCXLV